:root {
  --bg: #f7f4ee;
  --bg-soft: #eee9df;
  --surface: #fffdf9;
  --surface-strong: #ffffff;
  --ink: #17231f;
  --ink-soft: #48534e;
  --muted: #78817c;
  --line: rgba(23, 35, 31, 0.13);
  --line-strong: rgba(23, 35, 31, 0.2);
  --accent: #135f4b;
  --accent-strong: #0d493a;
  --accent-soft: #dcebe3;
  --gold: #bb7a32;
  --shadow: 0 24px 70px rgba(26, 38, 33, 0.1);
  --shadow-small: 0 12px 36px rgba(26, 38, 33, 0.08);
  --header-bg: rgba(247, 244, 238, 0.86);
  --radius: 22px;
  --radius-small: 14px;
  --container: 1180px;
  --font-sans: Inter, "Noto Sans SC", "Source Han Sans SC", "Microsoft YaHei", system-ui, sans-serif;
  --font-serif: "Iowan Old Style", "Palatino Linotype", "Noto Serif SC", "Songti SC", Georgia, serif;
}

html[data-theme='dark'] {
  --bg: #101714;
  --bg-soft: #17201c;
  --surface: #151e1a;
  --surface-strong: #1a2520;
  --ink: #edf3ee;
  --ink-soft: #bec8c2;
  --muted: #8f9b94;
  --line: rgba(237, 243, 238, 0.12);
  --line-strong: rgba(237, 243, 238, 0.21);
  --accent: #7dc9ad;
  --accent-strong: #17614d;
  --accent-soft: #1c3a30;
  --gold: #e2a862;
  --shadow: 0 24px 70px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
  --shadow-small: 0 12px 36px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.22);
  --header-bg: rgba(16, 23, 20, 0.86);
}

*,
*::before,
*::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  scroll-padding-top: 100px;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--bg);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.75;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  transition: background-color 240ms ease, color 240ms ease;
}

body.menu-open {
  overflow: hidden;
}

img,
svg {
  display: block;
}

a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}

button,
input {
  font: inherit;
}

button {
  color: inherit;
}

::selection {
  color: #fff;
  background: var(--accent);
}

.container {
  width: min(calc(100% - 48px), var(--container));
  margin-inline: auto;
}

.sr-only {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  padding: 0;
  margin: -1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
  white-space: nowrap;
  border: 0;
}

.skip-link {
  position: fixed;
  z-index: 9999;
  top: 12px;
  left: 12px;
  padding: 10px 16px;
  color: #fff;
  background: var(--accent);
  border-radius: 10px;
  transform: translateY(-160%);
  transition: transform 180ms ease;
}

.skip-link:focus {
  transform: translateY(0);
}

.scroll-progress {
  position: fixed;
  z-index: 2000;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 3px;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.scroll-progress span {
  display: block;
  width: 0;
  height: 100%;
  background: var(--gold);
}

.site-header {
  position: sticky;
  z-index: 1000;
  top: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
  background: var(--header-bg);
  backdrop-filter: blur(18px);
  transition: border-color 200ms ease, box-shadow 200ms ease, background-color 240ms ease;
}

.site-header.scrolled {
  border-color: var(--line);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 30px rgba(20, 30, 26, 0.05);
}

.header-inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  min-height: 78px;
}

.brand {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
  line-height: 1.15;
}

.brand-mark {
  display: grid;
  width: 42px;
  height: 42px;
  place-items: center;
  color: #f5f0e7;
  background: var(--accent-strong);
  border-radius: 12px 12px 12px 4px;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
}

.brand-copy {
  display: grid;
  gap: 2px;
}

.brand-copy strong {
  font-size: 14px;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}

.brand-copy small {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 10px;
  letter-spacing: 0.13em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.site-nav {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 30px;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 14px;
}

.site-nav > a {
  position: relative;
  padding-block: 8px;
  transition: color 180ms ease;
}

.site-nav > a::after {
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  bottom: 3px;
  left: 0;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--accent);
  content: '';
  transform: scaleX(0);
  transform-origin: right;
  transition: transform 220ms ease;
}

.site-nav > a:hover,
.site-nav > a.active {
  color: var(--ink);
}

.site-nav > a:hover::after,
.site-nav > a.active::after {
  transform: scaleX(1);
  transform-origin: left;
}

.theme-toggle {
  display: grid;
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  padding: 0;
  place-items: center;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  background: transparent;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 50%;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: color 180ms ease, border-color 180ms ease, transform 180ms ease;
}

.theme-toggle:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
  border-color: var(--accent);
  transform: rotate(8deg);
}

.theme-toggle svg {
  width: 18px;
  height: 18px;
  fill: none;
  stroke: currentColor;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
  stroke-width: 1.8;
}

html[data-theme='light'] .moon-icon,
html[data-theme='dark'] .sun-icon {
  display: none;
}

.menu-toggle {
  display: none;
  width: 42px;
  height: 42px;
  padding: 10px;
  background: transparent;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 12px;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.menu-toggle > span:not(.sr-only) {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 1.5px;
  margin: 4px 0;
  background: currentColor;
  transition: transform 180ms ease, opacity 180ms ease;
}

.section {
  padding: 112px 0;
}

.eyebrow,
.section-kicker {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.15em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.eyebrow {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  margin: 0 0 22px;
}

.eyebrow-dot {
  width: 7px;
  height: 7px;
  background: var(--gold);
  border-radius: 50%;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 5px color-mix(in srgb, var(--gold) 16%, transparent);
}

.hero {
  position: relative;
  min-height: calc(100vh - 78px);
  padding-top: 74px;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.hero::before {
  position: absolute;
  top: -260px;
  left: -180px;
  width: 660px;
  height: 660px;
  background: radial-gradient(circle, color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 11%, transparent) 0, transparent 70%);
  content: '';
  pointer-events: none;
}

.hero-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.06fr) minmax(380px, 0.94fr);
  align-items: center;
  gap: 70px;
}

.hero h1 {
  max-width: 760px;
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(48px, 6.2vw, 82px);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.055em;
  line-height: 1.04;
}

.hero h1 em {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-weight: 500;
  font-style: italic;
}

.hero-lead {
  max-width: 650px;
  margin: 28px 0 0;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.85;
}

.hero-lead strong {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 700;
}

.hero-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 14px;
  margin-top: 34px;
}

.button {
  display: inline-flex;
  min-height: 50px;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 12px;
  padding: 0 22px;
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 700;
  transition: transform 180ms ease, background-color 180ms ease, color 180ms ease, border-color 180ms ease, box-shadow 180ms ease;
}

.button svg {
  width: 18px;
  height: 18px;
  fill: none;
  stroke: currentColor;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
  stroke-width: 1.8;
}

.button:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.button-primary {
  color: #fff;
  background: var(--accent-strong);
  box-shadow: 0 12px 30px color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 24%, transparent);
}

.button-primary:hover {
  background: var(--accent);
  box-shadow: 0 16px 34px color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 28%, transparent);
}

.button-secondary {
  background: var(--surface);
  border-color: var(--line-strong);
}

.button-secondary:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
  border-color: var(--accent);
}

.social-row {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 22px;
  margin-top: 36px;
}

.social-row a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 7px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  transition: color 180ms ease;
}

.social-row a:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.social-row svg {
  width: 17px;
  height: 17px;
  fill: none;
  stroke: currentColor;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
  stroke-width: 1.6;
}

.orcid-mark {
  display: grid;
  width: 17px;
  height: 17px;
  place-items: center;
  color: #fff;
  background: #a6ce39;
  border-radius: 50%;
  font-size: 9px;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.hero-visual {
  position: relative;
  min-height: 520px;
}

.research-orbit {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  width: min(420px, 90vw);
  aspect-ratio: 1;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: radial-gradient(circle at 50% 45%, var(--surface) 0, var(--bg-soft) 64%, transparent 65%);
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 80px color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 6%, transparent);
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
}

.research-orbit::before,
.research-orbit::after {
  position: absolute;
  width: 7px;
  height: 7px;
  background: var(--gold);
  border-radius: 50%;
  content: '';
}

.research-orbit::before {
  top: 16%;
  right: 16%;
}

.research-orbit::after {
  bottom: 19%;
  left: 12%;
}

.orbit-ring {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 50%;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
}

.orbit-ring-one {
  width: 72%;
  height: 72%;
}

.orbit-ring-two {
  width: 42%;
  height: 42%;
  border-style: dashed;
}

.orbit-center {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 2;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  display: grid;
  width: 150px;
  height: 150px;
  place-content: center;
  text-align: center;
  background: var(--surface-strong);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 50%;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-small);
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
}

.orbit-center span,
.orbit-center small {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 9px;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.orbit-center strong {
  margin: 4px 0;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 42px;
  line-height: 1;
}

.orbit-node {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 3;
  padding: 9px 13px;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  background: var(--surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 999px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-small);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
}

.node-one {
  top: 4%;
  left: 48%;
}

.node-two {
  top: 44%;
  right: -2%;
}

.node-three {
  bottom: 4%;
  left: 40%;
}

.node-four {
  top: 43%;
  left: -2%;
}

.floating-card {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 4;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
  padding: 14px 17px;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--surface-strong) 92%, transparent);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 16px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-small);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
}

.floating-card small,
.floating-card strong {
  display: block;
}

.floating-card small {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 9px;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.floating-card strong {
  margin-top: 2px;
  font-size: 12px;
}

.floating-card-top {
  top: 4%;
  left: 2%;
}

.floating-card-bottom {
  right: 1%;
  bottom: 5%;
}

.floating-icon {
  display: grid;
  width: 33px;
  height: 33px;
  place-items: center;
  color: var(--accent);
  background: var(--accent-soft);
  border-radius: 10px;
}

.floating-number {
  color: var(--gold);
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 28px;
  line-height: 1;
}

.stat-strip {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  margin-top: 70px;
  padding-top: 30px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.stat {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 3px;
  padding: 0 28px;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.stat:first-child {
  padding-left: 0;
}

.stat:last-child {
  border-right: 0;
}

.stat strong {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 32px;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.stat sup {
  margin-left: 2px;
  color: var(--gold);
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 15px;
}

.stat > span {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
}

.about,
.publications {
  background: var(--surface);
}

.section-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(280px, 0.78fr) minmax(0, 1.22fr);
  gap: 90px;
}

.section-heading h2,
.section-intro h2,
.contact-copy h2,
.cv-copy h2 {
  margin: 10px 0 0;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(38px, 4.4vw, 60px);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.045em;
  line-height: 1.12;
}

.lead-paragraph {
  margin-top: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 23px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.about-content > p:not(.lead-paragraph) {
  color: var(--ink-soft);
}

.interest-block {
  margin-top: 34px;
}

.interest-block h3 {
  margin: 0 0 16px;
  font-size: 13px;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.tag-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 9px;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.tag-list li {
  padding: 8px 13px;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  background: var(--bg);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-size: 12px;
}

.research-section {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.research-section::after {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: -1;
  right: -250px;
  bottom: -270px;
  width: 650px;
  height: 650px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 50%;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 80px color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 2%, transparent), 0 0 0 160px color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 1.5%, transparent);
  content: '';
}

.section-intro {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr minmax(280px, 0.55fr);
  align-items: end;
  gap: 60px;
  margin-bottom: 50px;
}

.section-intro > p {
  max-width: 520px;
  margin: 0 0 8px auto;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
}

.research-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 20px;
}

.research-card {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  min-height: 430px;
  flex-direction: column;
  padding: 32px;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-small);
  transition: transform 220ms ease, border-color 220ms ease, box-shadow 220ms ease;
}

.research-card:hover {
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 40%, var(--line));
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  transform: translateY(-7px);
}

.research-card.featured {
  color: #f5f2eb;
  background: var(--accent-strong);
  border-color: transparent;
}

.research-card.featured::after {
  position: absolute;
  top: -95px;
  right: -95px;
  width: 220px;
  height: 220px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18);
  border-radius: 50%;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 35px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.035), 0 0 0 70px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.025);
  content: '';
}

.card-number {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
}

.featured .card-number,
.featured p,
.featured li {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
}

.card-symbol {
  margin: 38px 0 16px;
  color: var(--gold);
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 48px;
  line-height: 1;
}

.research-card h3 {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 28px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
}

.research-card > p {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  margin: 17px 0;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 14px;
}

.research-card ul {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 5px 0 24px;
  list-style: none;
}

.research-card li {
  padding: 7px 0;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  font-size: 12px;
}

.featured li {
  border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
}

.research-card a {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  margin-top: auto;
  padding-top: 16px;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.featured a {
  color: #fff;
}

.research-card a span {
  font-size: 17px;
}

.publication-toolbar {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 30px;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
  padding-bottom: 24px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.filter-group {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px;
}

.filter-button {
  padding: 8px 14px;
  color: var(--muted);
  background: transparent;
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 700;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: color 180ms ease, background-color 180ms ease, border-color 180ms ease;
}

.filter-button:hover {
  color: var(--ink);
}

.filter-button.active {
  color: var(--accent);
  background: var(--accent-soft);
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 20%, transparent);
}

.text-link {
  flex: none;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.text-link span {
  margin-left: 3px;
}

.publication-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 100px 1fr;
  gap: 28px;
  padding: 32px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  transition: opacity 180ms ease, transform 180ms ease;
}

.publication-item.is-hidden {
  display: none;
}

.publication-year {
  padding-top: 2px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 20px;
}

.publication-type {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  color: var(--gold);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.13em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.publication-details h3 {
  max-width: 850px;
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 23px;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.publication-details p {
  margin: 12px 0 0;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 13px;
}

.publication-links {
  display: flex;
  gap: 8px;
  margin-top: 15px;
}

.publication-links a {
  padding: 5px 10px;
  color: var(--accent);
  background: var(--accent-soft);
  border-radius: 8px;
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.publication-links a:hover {
  color: #fff;
  background: var(--accent);
}

.teaching-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 20px;
}

.teaching-card {
  position: relative;
  min-height: 230px;
  padding: 28px;
  background: var(--surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-small);
  transition: transform 200ms ease, border-color 200ms ease;
}

.teaching-card:hover {
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 40%, var(--line));
  transform: translateY(-5px);
}

.teaching-label {
  color: var(--gold);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.teaching-card h3 {
  margin: 40px 0 8px;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 24px;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.teaching-card p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 13px;
}

.teaching-card small {
  position: absolute;
  right: 28px;
  bottom: 22px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 10px;
}

.cv-section {
  padding-top: 25px;
}

.cv-panel {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 130px 1fr auto;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 48px;
  padding: 50px 55px;
  overflow: hidden;
  color: #f7f4ee;
  background: #173e34;
  border-radius: 28px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.cv-panel::before {
  position: absolute;
  top: -130px;
  right: 14%;
  width: 330px;
  height: 330px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  border-radius: 50%;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 45px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.025), 0 0 0 90px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.018);
  content: '';
}

.cv-mark {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.14);
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 88px;
  line-height: 1;
}

.cv-copy {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

.cv-copy .section-kicker {
  color: #96d4bb;
}

.cv-copy h2 {
  margin-top: 5px;
  font-size: clamp(30px, 3.4vw, 46px);
}

.cv-copy p:last-child {
  max-width: 620px;
  margin: 14px 0 0;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.67);
  font-size: 13px;
}

.button-light {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  color: #183a31;
  background: #f2eee5;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.button-light:hover {
  background: #fff;
}

.contact {
  padding-bottom: 70px;
}

.contact-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 0.8fr 1.2fr;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 90px;
}

.contact-copy > p:last-child {
  max-width: 490px;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
}

.contact-card {
  padding: 34px;
  background: var(--surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-small);
}

.email-link {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 20px;
  padding-bottom: 24px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(21px, 2.7vw, 35px);
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
  transition: color 180ms ease;
}

.email-link:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.email-link svg {
  width: 25px;
  height: 25px;
  flex: none;
  fill: none;
  stroke: currentColor;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
  stroke-width: 1.5;
}

.copy-email {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  margin-top: 24px;
  padding: 9px 12px;
  color: var(--accent);
  background: var(--accent-soft);
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 9px;
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 800;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.copy-email svg {
  width: 15px;
  height: 15px;
  fill: none;
  stroke: currentColor;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
  stroke-width: 1.8;
}

.contact-meta {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 25px;
  margin-top: 36px;
}

.contact-meta p {
  margin: 0;
}

.contact-meta strong,
.contact-meta span {
  display: block;
}

.contact-meta strong {
  margin-bottom: 4px;
  font-size: 10px;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.contact-meta span {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
}

.site-footer {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.footer-inner {
  display: flex;
  min-height: 88px;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 25px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
}

.footer-links {
  display: flex;
  gap: 20px;
}

.footer-links a:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.toast {
  position: fixed;
  z-index: 3000;
  right: 24px;
  bottom: 24px;
  padding: 12px 17px;
  color: #fff;
  background: var(--accent-strong);
  border-radius: 12px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 700;
  opacity: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  transform: translateY(16px);
  transition: opacity 180ms ease, transform 180ms ease;
}

.toast.show {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateY(0);
}

.js .reveal {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(22px);
  transition: opacity 700ms cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1), transform 700ms cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1);
}

.js .reveal.is-visible {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateY(0);
}

.research-grid .reveal:nth-child(2),
.teaching-grid .reveal:nth-child(2) {
  transition-delay: 90ms;
}

.research-grid .reveal:nth-child(3),
.teaching-grid .reveal:nth-child(3) {
  transition-delay: 180ms;
}

@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  .hero-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 0.85fr;
    gap: 30px;
  }

  .hero-visual {
    min-height: 440px;
  }

  .research-orbit {
    width: 350px;
  }

  .floating-card-top {
    left: -2%;
  }

  .section-grid,
  .contact-grid {
    gap: 55px;
  }

  .research-card {
    min-height: 450px;
    padding: 26px;
  }

  .cv-panel {
    grid-template-columns: 90px 1fr auto;
    gap: 28px;
    padding: 42px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .container {
    width: min(calc(100% - 36px), var(--container));
  }

  .section {
    padding: 84px 0;
  }

  .header-inner {
    min-height: 70px;
  }

  .brand-copy small {
    display: none;
  }

  .menu-toggle {
    display: block;
  }

  .site-nav {
    position: fixed;
    top: 70px;
    right: 0;
    left: 0;
    display: grid;
    align-content: start;
    gap: 0;
    padding: 18px 18px 28px;
    background: var(--bg);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    opacity: 0;
    pointer-events: none;
    transform: translateY(-10px);
    transition: opacity 180ms ease, transform 180ms ease;
  }

  .site-nav.is-open {
    opacity: 1;
    pointer-events: auto;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }

  .site-nav > a {
    padding: 14px 5px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    font-size: 15px;
  }

  .site-nav > a::after {
    display: none;
  }

  .theme-toggle {
    margin-top: 16px;
  }

  .menu-toggle[aria-expanded='true'] > span:nth-child(1) {
    transform: translateY(5.5px) rotate(45deg);
  }

  .menu-toggle[aria-expanded='true'] > span:nth-child(2) {
    opacity: 0;
  }

  .menu-toggle[aria-expanded='true'] > span:nth-child(3) {
    transform: translateY(-5.5px) rotate(-45deg);
  }

  .hero {
    min-height: auto;
    padding-top: 65px;
  }

  .hero-grid,
  .section-grid,
  .contact-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .hero-grid {
    gap: 58px;
  }

  .hero h1 {
    font-size: clamp(45px, 12vw, 67px);
  }

  .hero-visual {
    min-height: 440px;
  }

  .stat-strip {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 25px 0;
  }

  .stat:nth-child(2) {
    border-right: 0;
  }

  .stat:nth-child(3) {
    padding-left: 0;
  }

  .section-grid,
  .contact-grid {
    gap: 35px;
  }

  .section-intro {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 18px;
  }

  .section-intro > p {
    margin-left: 0;
  }

  .research-grid,
  .teaching-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .research-card {
    min-height: 390px;
  }

  .cv-panel {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 18px;
    padding: 38px 30px;
  }

  .cv-mark {
    position: absolute;
    top: 26px;
    right: 28px;
    font-size: 60px;
  }

  .cv-copy {
    padding-right: 40px;
  }

  .cv-panel .button {
    justify-self: start;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .container {
    width: min(calc(100% - 28px), var(--container));
  }

  .section {
    padding: 72px 0;
  }

  .hero {
    padding-top: 50px;
  }

  .hero h1 {
    font-size: 43px;
  }

  .hero-lead {
    font-size: 16px;
  }

  .hero-actions {
    display: grid;
  }

  .button {
    width: 100%;
  }

  .social-row {
    gap: 16px;
  }

  .hero-visual {
    min-height: 380px;
  }

  .research-orbit {
    width: 290px;
  }

  .orbit-center {
    width: 112px;
    height: 112px;
  }

  .orbit-center strong {
    font-size: 33px;
  }

  .orbit-node {
    padding: 7px 10px;
    font-size: 9px;
  }

  .floating-card {
    padding: 10px 12px;
  }

  .floating-card-top {
    top: 1%;
  }

  .floating-card-bottom {
    right: -1%;
    bottom: 1%;
  }

  .floating-card strong {
    font-size: 10px;
  }

  .stat {
    padding: 0 18px;
  }

  .stat strong {
    font-size: 26px;
  }

  .stat > span {
    font-size: 10px;
  }

  .section-heading h2,
  .section-intro h2,
  .contact-copy h2 {
    font-size: 38px;
  }

  .lead-paragraph {
    font-size: 20px;
  }

  .publication-toolbar {
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .publication-item {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 10px;
  }

  .publication-year {
    font-size: 16px;
  }

  .publication-details h3 {
    font-size: 20px;
  }

  .contact-card {
    padding: 24px;
  }

  .email-link {
    font-size: 20px;
  }

  .contact-meta {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 16px;
  }

  .footer-inner {
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 20px 0;
  }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html {
    scroll-behavior: auto;
  }

  *,
  *::before,
  *::after {
    scroll-behavior: auto !important;
    transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
    animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
    animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
  }

  .js .reveal {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: none;
  }
}

@media print {
  .site-header,
  .scroll-progress,
  .hero-visual,
  .hero-actions,
  .social-row,
  .publication-toolbar,
  .site-footer,
  .toast {
    display: none !important;
  }

  body {
    background: #fff;
    color: #000;
  }

  .section {
    padding: 30px 0;
  }

  .js .reveal {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: none;
  }
}


/* Chen Qiao profile additions */
.profile-card {
  margin: 34px 0 0;
  padding: 10px;
  background: var(--surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 20px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-small);
}

.profile-card img {
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 5;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center top;
  border-radius: 13px;
}

.profile-card figcaption {
  display: grid;
  gap: 2px;
  padding: 13px 6px 5px;
}

.profile-card figcaption span {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 20px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.profile-card figcaption small {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 10px;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
}

.projects-section {
  background: var(--surface);
}

.projects-section .teaching-card {
  min-height: 290px;
}

.projects-section .teaching-card h3 {
  margin-top: 36px;
  padding-right: 12px;
  font-size: 21px;
}

.project-note {
  max-width: 920px;
  margin: 28px 0 0 auto;
  padding: 20px 24px;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  background: var(--bg);
  border-left: 3px solid var(--gold);
  border-radius: 0 12px 12px 0;
  font-size: 13px;
}

.email-link span {
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}